; SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2024-2026 Zayn Otley ; SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later ; See LICENSES/AGPL-3.0-or-later.txt. ; RoboCop intro: Z80 guest code combines a masked blitter image, Copper bars and PSG+ playback. ; Read device setup, data layout, per-frame animation and presentation in that order. ; ============================================================================ ; ROBOCOP INTRO (Z80 PORT) - Blitter Sprite, Copper Rasterbars and PSG Music ; Zilog Z80 assembly for Intuition Engine - VideoChip + Copper + PSG audio ; ============================================================================ ; ; === SDK QUICK REFERENCE === ; Target CPU: Zilog Z80 (8-bit, 16-bit address bus) ; Video Chip: IEVideoChip Mode 0 (640x480, 32bpp true colour) ; Audio Engine: PSG (AY-3-8910 compatible, PSG+ enhanced mode) ; Assembler: vasmz80_std ; Build: vasmz80_std -Fbin -o robocop_intro_z80.ie80 robocop_intro_z80.asm ; Porting: See robocop_intro.asm (IE32 reference), robocop_intro_65.asm ; (6502), robocop_intro_68k.asm (M68K) ; ; === WHAT THIS DEMO DOES === ; 1. Clears the screen to solid black using a blitter fill operation ; 2. Loads and plays an AY-format music file (Robocop theme) via PSG+ ; 3. Programmes a 16-bar copper list for animated rasterbar colour cycling ; 4. Moves a masked Robocop sprite along a sine/cosine Lissajous path ; 5. Renders a sine-wave scrolltext along the bottom of the screen ; 6. Animates copper bar colours each frame using a scrolling gradient ; ; === BLITTER IMAGE DISPLAY + COPPER EFFECTS === ; This demo recreates the style of classic 8-bit and 16-bit game intro ; screens -- specifically inspired by the Robocop (1988) home computer ; ports by Ocean Software. On machines like the ZX Spectrum and Amstrad ; CPC, the loading screen was often the player's first impression of a ; game, and developers used every hardware trick available to make it ; memorable. ; ; The copper coprocessor is analogous to the Amiga's copper -- a simple ; programmable display coprocessor that can modify video registers at ; specific scanline positions. This enables effects like colour gradient ; bars, split-screen palettes, and per-scanline colour changes without ; any CPU intervention. The 16 rainbow bars here cycle their colours each ; frame, producing a flowing gradient wave reminiscent of demoscene ; rasterbar effects from the late 1980s. ; ; The hardware blitter handles all pixel operations: clearing the previous ; sprite position, drawing the masked sprite at its new location, and ; rendering scrolltext characters. This frees the CPU to focus on ; animation logic (sine table lookups, copper list updates) rather than ; pushing individual pixels -- exactly the division of labour that made ; the Amiga and Atari ST so effective for games and demos. ; ; === Z80-SPECIFIC NOTES === ; The Z80 has only a 16-bit address bus (64KB), so all data beyond the ; code space must be accessed through the Intuition Engine's banking ; system. Sprite, mask, font, and music data are assigned to numbered ; 8KB banks, with three bank windows at 0x2000, 0x4000, and 0x6000 ; providing sliding views into extended memory. VRAM is accessed through ; a 16KB bank window at 0x8000. ; ; Sine/cosine tables are page-aligned (256-byte boundaries) so that the ; low byte of the index can be loaded directly into L while the high ; byte of the table base is loaded into H -- a single `ld h,>table_page` ; gives instant indexed access with no addition required. Split high/low ; byte tables avoid the need for 16-bit arithmetic on each lookup. The ; IX and IY index registers are used during table construction. All ; runtime variables and lookup tables are kept in main memory (0xC000+) ; for fast access without bank switching. ; ; === MEMORY MAP === ; 0x0000-0x00FF Entry point ; 0x0100-0x1FFF Programme code (~8KB) ; 0x2000-0x3FFF Bank 1 window (8KB) - sprite RGBA data ; 0x4000-0x5FFF Bank 2 window (8KB) - font RGBA data ; 0x6000-0x7FFF Bank 3 window (8KB) - AY music / general ; 0x8000-0xBFFF VRAM bank window (16KB) ; 0xC000-0xCFFF Variables and lookup tables ; 0xD000-0xDFFF Copper list ; 0xE000-0xEFFF Stack ; 0xF000-0xFFFF I/O region (mapped to 0xF0000-0xF0FFF) ; ; === BUILD AND RUN === ; Build: vasmz80_std -Fbin -o robocop_intro_z80.ie80 robocop_intro_z80.asm ; ; (c) 2024-2026 Zayn Otley - AGPL-3.0-or-later ; ============================================================================ .include "ie80.inc" ; Override SDK defaults (1280x960) since this demo runs at 640x480. .set SCREEN_W,640 .set SCREEN_H,480 .set LINE_BYTES,2560 ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ; DATA ORGANISATION ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ; The Z80 can only directly address 64KB, so all binary data (sprite, ; mask, font, music) is placed in extended memory and accessed through ; numbered 8KB banks. The bank layout below keeps related data together ; and minimises bank-switching overhead during rendering. ; ; Bank 0-21 (0x00000-0x2BFFF): Sprite RGBA data (172KB = 22 banks) ; Bank 22-27 (0x2C000-0x37FFF): Sprite mask (43KB = 6 banks) ; Bank 28-30 (0x38000-0x3DFFF): AY music data (24KB = 3 banks) ; Bank 31-56 (0x3E000-0x71FFF): Font RGBA data (200KB = 26 banks) ; ; Lookup tables and the copper list remain in main memory (0xC000+) so ; they can be read without any bank switching. ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ; Sprite constants .set SPRITE_W,240 .set SPRITE_H,180 .set SPRITE_STRIDE,960 ; 240 pixels x 4 bytes per pixel .set CENTER_X,200 ; Horizontal centre of Lissajous path .set CENTER_Y,150 ; Vertical centre of Lissajous path .set FRONT_FB_BANK,0x10 .set BACK_FB_BANK,0x30 .set SHADOW_COLOR_0,0x04 .set SHADOW_COLOR_1,0x0C .set SHADOW_COLOR_2,0x18 .set SHADOW_COLOR_3,0xFF ; Copper bar layout constants .set BAR_COUNT,16 .set BAR_STRIDE,36 ; Bytes per bar entry in copper list ; Scrolltext constants .set SCROLL_Y,426 ; Vertical position of scrolltext .set SCROLL_SPEED,2 ; Pixels advanced per frame .set SCROLL_CLEAR_Y,404 .set SCROLL_CLEAR_H,76 .set CHAR_WIDTH,32 ; Glyph width in pixels .set CHAR_HEIGHT,32 ; Glyph height in pixels .set FONT_STRIDE,1280 ; 320 pixels x 4 bytes per row (10 chars wide) ; Bank assignments for embedded binary data (8KB bank numbers) .set SPRITE_BANK_START,0 ; Sprite RGBA starts at bank 0 .set MASK_BANK_START,22 ; Sprite mask starts at bank 22 .set AY_BANK_START,28 ; AY music at bank 28 .set FONT_BANK_START,31 ; Font RGBA at bank 31 ; AY music file length .set ROBOCOP_AY_LEN,24525 ; ============================================================================ ; ENTRY POINT ; ============================================================================ .org 0x0000 start: di ; Disable interrupts during initialisation ld sp,STACK_TOP ; Set up stack pointer call init_video call init_tables call init_psg call init_copper ; Clear all runtime state to zero xor a ld (frame_lo),a ld (frame_hi),a ld (scroll_x_lo),a ld (scroll_x_hi),a ld a,FRONT_FB_BANK ld (draw_fb_bank),a ; Seed the previous position with the initial computed position so ; the first frame does not clear a garbage rectangle call compute_xy ld hl,(curr_x) ld (prev_x),hl ld hl,(curr_y) ld (prev_y),hl ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ; MAIN LOOP ; Each iteration: advance frame counter, update copper colours, compute new ; sprite position, synchronise to vertical blank, clear old sprite, draw new ; sprite, update scrolltext, and advance the scroll position. ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- main_loop: ; Increment 16-bit frame counter ld hl,(frame_lo) inc hl ld (frame_lo),hl ; Cycle copper bar colours for this frame call update_bars ; Compute new sprite position from sine/cosine tables call compute_xy ; Retain the completed frame while the visible retained frame is updated. call wait_frame ld a,3 ld (VIDEO_CTRL),a ; Erase the sprite at its previous position. call clear_prev_sprite ; Draw the masked sprite at its new position call draw_sprite ; Save current position for the next retained-frame erase. ld hl,(curr_x) ld (prev_x),hl ld hl,(curr_y) ld (prev_y),hl ; Clear the scrolltext strip and render current characters call clear_scroll_area call draw_scrolltext ; Ensure all blitter operations complete before modifying state call wait_blit ; Publish the completed retained frame. ld a,1 ld (VIDEO_CTRL),a ; Advance horizontal scroll position ld hl,(scroll_x_lo) ld bc,SCROLL_SPEED add hl,bc ld (scroll_x_lo),hl jp main_loop ; ============================================================================ ; SUBROUTINES ; ============================================================================ ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ; init_video -- Set 640x480 mode and clear the screen to black ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- init_video: ; Select mode 0 (640x480, 32bpp true colour) xor a ld (VIDEO_MODE),a ld (VIDEO_MODE+1),a ld (VIDEO_MODE+2),a ld (VIDEO_MODE+3),a ; Enable the video output ld a,VIDEO_CTRL_ENABLE ld (VIDEO_CTRL),a xor a ld (VIDEO_FB_BASE+0),a ld (VIDEO_FB_BASE+1),a ; Legacy video presents the chip front buffer when FB_BASE is zero. ; Blitter destinations remain absolute VRAM addresses below. xor a ld (VIDEO_FB_BASE+2),a xor a ld (VIDEO_FB_BASE+3),a ; Use the blitter to fill both framebuffers with opaque black call wait_blit SET_BLT_OP BLT_OP_FILL ; Destination: VRAM start at 0x100000 xor a ld (BLT_DST_0),a ld (BLT_DST_1),a ld a,0x10 ld (BLT_DST_2),a xor a ld (BLT_DST_3),a SET_BLT_WIDTH SCREEN_W SET_BLT_HEIGHT SCREEN_H SET_DST_STRIDE LINE_BYTES SET_BLT_COLOR 0xFF000000 START_BLIT call wait_blit xor a ld (BLT_DST_0),a ld (BLT_DST_1),a ld a,BACK_FB_BANK ld (BLT_DST_2),a xor a ld (BLT_DST_3),a START_BLIT call wait_blit ret ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ; init_tables -- Build the Y-address lookup table ; Pre-computes y_addr[y] = y * 2560 (LINE_BYTES) for all 480 scanlines. ; The result is split into three tables (lo, hi, bank) so VRAM address ; calculation only requires table lookups and a small addition for X. ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- init_tables: ld hl,0 ; Running 16-bit offset (wraps on overflow) ld de,0 ; DE tracks bank number (high bits) ld ix,y_addr_lo ; Pointer into low-byte table ld iy,y_addr_hi ; Pointer into high-byte table ld bc,480 ; Loop counter: one entry per scanline .init_loop: ; Store low byte of current offset ld a,l ld (ix+0),a ; Store high byte of current offset ld a,h ld (iy+0),a ; Store bank number at y_addr_bank[index] push hl push bc push de ; Calculate index = 480 - remaining count ld hl,480 or a ; Clear carry for SBC sbc hl,bc ; HL = current index ex de,hl ; DE = index ld hl,y_addr_bank add hl,de ; HL points into bank table pop de ld a,e ; Bank number from DE ld (hl),a pop bc pop hl ; Advance table pointers inc ix inc iy ; Add LINE_BYTES (2560 = 0x0A00) to running offset push bc ld bc,0x0A00 add hl,bc jr nc,.no_bank_inc inc de ; Carry means we crossed a 64KB boundary .no_bank_inc: pop bc dec bc ld a,b or c jr nz,.init_loop ret ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ; init_psg -- Enable PSG+ enhanced mode and start music playback ; PSG+ remaps the original AY-3-8910 register writes through the Intuition ; Engine's synthesiser for higher-fidelity sound reproduction. ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- init_psg: ; Enable PSG+ enhanced mode ld a,1 ld (PSG_PLUS_CTRL),a ; Point the PSG player at the embedded AY music data SET_PSG_PTR data_robocop_ay ; Set the total length of the AY file SET_PSG_LEN ROBOCOP_AY_LEN ; Start playback with looping (bit 0 = start, bit 2 = loop) ld a,5 ld (PSG_PLAY_CTRL),a ret ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ; init_copper -- Programme the copper list and enable the coprocessor ; The copper list is pre-built in memory at copper_list; this routine ; simply points the coprocessor at it and enables execution. ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- init_copper: ; Disable copper before changing the list pointer ld a,2 ld (COPPER_CTRL),a ; Set copper list base address SET_COPPER_PTR copper_list ; Enable copper execution ld a,1 ld (COPPER_CTRL),a ret ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ; wait_blit -- Spin until the blitter signals idle ; Bit 1 of BLT_CTRL is the busy flag; we poll until it clears. ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- wait_blit: ld a,(BLT_CTRL) and 2 jr nz,wait_blit ret ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ; wait_frame -- Synchronise to the start of vertical blank ; Two-phase wait: first wait for active scan (vblank flag clear), then ; wait for the vblank flag to assert, ensuring we catch a fresh edge. ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- wait_frame: ; Phase 1: wait until we are NOT in vblank (active scan) .wait_not_vblank: ld a,(VIDEO_STATUS) and STATUS_VBLANK jr nz,.wait_not_vblank ; Phase 2: wait until vblank begins .wait_vblank: ld a,(VIDEO_STATUS) and STATUS_VBLANK jr z,.wait_vblank ret ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ; compute_xy -- Calculate sprite position from the frame counter ; X follows a sine curve, Y follows a cosine curve at double speed, ; producing a Lissajous figure. The split lo/hi tables provide 16-bit ; signed values via page-aligned lookup: ld h,>table_page is all that ; is needed to switch between the low and high byte halves. ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- compute_xy: ; X = sin_table[frame & 0xFF] + CENTER_X ld a,(frame_lo) ld l,a ld h,>sin_x_lo ; Page-aligned table base (high byte only) ld e,(hl) ; Low byte of sine value ld h,>sin_x_hi ld d,(hl) ; High byte (sign extension) ld hl,CENTER_X add hl,de ld (curr_x),hl ; Y = cos_table[(frame * 2) & 0xFF] + CENTER_Y ld a,(frame_lo) add a,a ; Double the index for the cosine curve ld l,a ld h,>cos_y_lo ld e,(hl) ld h,>cos_y_hi ld d,(hl) ld hl,CENTER_Y add hl,de ld (curr_y),hl ret ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ; update_bars -- Cycle copper bar colours using a scrolling gradient ; Each of the 16 bars picks a colour from a 16-entry palette, offset by ; the frame counter and a sine-derived scroll value, producing a smooth ; rainbow wave effect. ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- update_bars: ; Derive a scroll offset from the sine table ld a,(frame_lo) add a,a ; Double the scroll phase. ld l,a ld h,>sin_x_lo ld e,(hl) ld h,>sin_x_hi ld d,(hl) ld hl,200 add hl,de ; Shift signed sine into 0..400 range srl h rr l srl h rr l srl h rr l srl h rr l ; Divide by 16 ld a,l ld (scroll_offset),a ; Iterate over all 16 bars, updating each colour entry ld b,BAR_COUNT xor a ld (bar_idx),a ld hl,copper_list + 24 ; Offset to first colour value in copper list .bar_loop: push hl push bc ; Colour index = (bar_idx + scroll_offset + frame/4) & 0x0F ld a,(frame_lo) srl a srl a ; frame / 4 ld b,a ld a,(bar_idx) add a,b ld b,a ld a,(scroll_offset) add a,b and 0x0F ; Wrap to 16 palette entries ; Index into the 16-colour palette (4 bytes per entry) add a,a add a,a ; index * 4 ld e,a ld d,0 ld hl,palette add hl,de ; HL = palette + colour_index * 4 ; Calculate the copper list destination for this bar's colour field: ; copper_list + 24 + bar_idx * BAR_STRIDE pop bc push bc push hl ; Save palette source pointer ld hl,copper_list + 24 ld a,(bar_idx) .mul_stride: or a jr z,.mul_done push bc ld bc,BAR_STRIDE add hl,bc ; Advance by one BAR_STRIDE per iteration pop bc dec a jr .mul_stride .mul_done: ld de,0 ; Clear DE before exchange ex de,hl ; DE = copper list colour address pop hl ; HL = palette source ; Copy 4 colour bytes (BGRA) into the copper list ldi ldi ldi ldi ; Advance bar index ld a,(bar_idx) inc a ld (bar_idx),a pop bc pop hl ; Advance the copper list pointer by BAR_STRIDE for next iteration push bc ld bc,BAR_STRIDE add hl,bc pop bc djnz .bar_loop ret ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ; clear_framebuffer -- Fill the current draw framebuffer with opaque black. ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- clear_framebuffer: call wait_blit SET_BLT_OP BLT_OP_FILL xor a ld (BLT_DST_0),a ld (BLT_DST_1),a ld a,(draw_fb_bank) ld (BLT_DST_2),a xor a ld (BLT_DST_3),a SET_BLT_WIDTH SCREEN_W SET_BLT_HEIGHT SCREEN_H SET_DST_STRIDE LINE_BYTES SET_BLT_COLOR 0xFF000000 START_BLIT ret ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ; clear_prev_sprite -- Erase the sprite at its previous position ; Fills a SPRITE_W x SPRITE_H rectangle with opaque black. ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- clear_prev_sprite: call wait_blit SET_BLT_OP BLT_OP_FILL ; Compute VRAM address from previous X,Y call calc_vram_addr_prev ; Write the 32-bit destination address to blitter registers ld hl,(dest_addr) ld a,l ld (BLT_DST_0),a ld a,h ld (BLT_DST_1),a ld hl,(dest_addr+2) ld a,l ld (BLT_DST_2),a ld a,h ld (BLT_DST_3),a SET_BLT_WIDTH SPRITE_W SET_BLT_HEIGHT SPRITE_H SET_DST_STRIDE LINE_BYTES SET_BLT_COLOR 0xFF000000 START_BLIT ret ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ; draw_sprite -- Draw the Robocop sprite at its current position ; Uses a masked blit: the mask data determines which pixels are ; transparent, allowing the sprite to appear over the background. ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- draw_sprite: call wait_blit SET_BLT_OP BLT_OP_MASKED ; Source: embedded sprite RGBA pixel data SET_BLT_SRC data_robocop_rgba ; Mask: 1-bit-per-pixel transparency mask SET_BLT_MASK data_robocop_mask ; Compute VRAM address from current X,Y call calc_vram_addr_curr ld hl,(dest_addr) ld a,l ld (BLT_DST_0),a ld a,h ld (BLT_DST_1),a ld hl,(dest_addr+2) ld a,l ld (BLT_DST_2),a ld a,h ld (BLT_DST_3),a SET_BLT_WIDTH SPRITE_W SET_BLT_HEIGHT SPRITE_H SET_SRC_STRIDE SPRITE_STRIDE SET_DST_STRIDE LINE_BYTES START_BLIT ret ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ; calc_vram_addr_prev -- Compute 32-bit VRAM address for previous position ; Looks up the Y offset from the pre-computed table, adds the VRAM base ; (0x100000), then adds X * 4 for the horizontal pixel offset. ; Result is stored in the 4-byte dest_addr variable. ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- calc_vram_addr_prev: ; Look up Y * LINE_BYTES from the pre-computed table ld hl,(prev_y) ; The table is split at index 256, so branch on high byte ld a,h or a jr nz,.high_y ; Y < 256: index directly into the first 256 entries ld e,l ld d,0 ld hl,y_addr_lo add hl,de ld a,(hl) ld (dest_addr),a ld hl,y_addr_hi add hl,de ld a,(hl) ld (dest_addr+1),a ld hl,y_addr_bank add hl,de ld a,(hl) jr .add_vram_base .high_y: ; Y >= 256: offset into the second half of each table ld hl,(prev_y) ld e,l ld d,0 ld hl,y_addr_lo + 256 add hl,de ld a,(hl) ld (dest_addr),a ld hl,y_addr_hi + 256 add hl,de ld a,(hl) ld (dest_addr+1),a ld hl,y_addr_bank + 256 add hl,de ld a,(hl) .add_vram_base: ; Add selected framebuffer high byte to bank value ld b,a ld a,(draw_fb_bank) add a,b ld (dest_addr+2),a xor a ld (dest_addr+3),a ; Add X * 4 (4 bytes per pixel) to the base offset ld hl,(prev_x) add hl,hl ; * 2 add hl,hl ; * 4 ; 16-bit addition into the lower 16 bits of dest_addr ld de,(dest_addr) add hl,de ld (dest_addr),hl jr nc,.no_carry ld hl,(dest_addr+2) inc hl ld (dest_addr+2),hl .no_carry: ret ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ; calc_vram_addr_curr -- Compute 32-bit VRAM address for current position ; Same algorithm as calc_vram_addr_prev but reads curr_x/curr_y instead. ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- calc_vram_addr_curr: ld hl,(curr_y) ld a,h or a jr nz,.curr_high_y ; Y < 256 ld e,l ld d,0 ld hl,y_addr_lo add hl,de ld a,(hl) ld (dest_addr),a ld hl,y_addr_hi add hl,de ld a,(hl) ld (dest_addr+1),a ld hl,y_addr_bank add hl,de ld a,(hl) jr .curr_add_vram_base .curr_high_y: ; Y >= 256 ld hl,(curr_y) ld e,l ld d,0 ld hl,y_addr_lo + 256 add hl,de ld a,(hl) ld (dest_addr),a ld hl,y_addr_hi + 256 add hl,de ld a,(hl) ld (dest_addr+1),a ld hl,y_addr_bank + 256 add hl,de ld a,(hl) .curr_add_vram_base: ld b,a ld a,(draw_fb_bank) add a,b ld (dest_addr+2),a xor a ld (dest_addr+3),a ; Add X * 4 ld hl,(curr_x) add hl,hl add hl,hl ld de,(dest_addr) add hl,de ld (dest_addr),hl jr nc,.curr_no_carry ld hl,(dest_addr+2) inc hl ld (dest_addr+2),hl .curr_no_carry: ret ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ; clear_scroll_area -- Fill the scrolltext strip with opaque black ; Clears a 640 x 90 pixel band starting at scanline 390, covering the ; region where scrolltext characters will be drawn. ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- clear_scroll_area: call wait_blit SET_BLT_OP BLT_OP_FILL ; Destination: draw framebuffer + SCROLL_CLEAR_Y * LINE_BYTES xor a ld (BLT_DST_0),a ld a,0xC8 ld (BLT_DST_1),a ld a,(draw_fb_bank) add a,0x0F ld (BLT_DST_2),a xor a ld (BLT_DST_3),a SET_BLT_WIDTH SCREEN_W ld a,SCROLL_CLEAR_H ld (BLT_HEIGHT_LO),a xor a ld (BLT_HEIGHT_HI),a SET_DST_STRIDE LINE_BYTES SET_BLT_COLOR 0xFF000000 START_BLIT ret ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ; draw_scrolltext -- Render scrolling text with a sine-wave vertical offset ; Characters are drawn left to right across the screen. Each character's ; vertical position is perturbed by a sine lookup to create the classic ; demoscene wave effect. Characters are blitted from the font sheet. ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- draw_scrolltext: ; Calculate the starting character index: char_idx = scroll_x >> 5 ; Each character is 32 pixels wide, so dividing by 32 gives the ; index of the first visible character in the scroll message. ld hl,(scroll_x_lo) ; Shift right 5 bits: combine low and high bytes ld a,l rrca rrca rrca rrca rrca ; A = L >> 5 (top 3 bits of L) and 0x07 ; Keep only bottom 3 bits ld c,a ld a,h rlca rlca rlca ; A = H << 3 or c ; A = (L >> 5) | (H << 3) ld (char_idx),a ld a,h rrca rrca rrca rrca rrca ; A = H >> 5 and 0x07 ld (char_idx+1),a ; Set up message pointer: msg_ptr = scroll_message + char_idx ld hl,scroll_message ld de,(char_idx) add hl,de ld (msg_ptr),hl ; Calculate sub-character pixel offset: char_x = -(scroll_x & 0x1F) ; This is the fractional part that shifts characters smoothly between ; whole-character boundaries. ld a,(scroll_x_lo) and 0x1F ; scroll_x modulo 32 jr z,.char_x_zero neg ; Negate for leftward shift ld (char_x),a ld a,0xFF ; Sign-extend to 16 bits ld (char_x+1),a jr .char_x_done .char_x_zero: xor a ld (char_x),a ld (char_x+1),a .char_x_done: ; Reset character counter xor a ld (char_count),a ; --- Character rendering loop --- .char_loop: ; Fetch the next character from the scroll message ld hl,(msg_ptr) ld a,(hl) or a jr nz,.got_char jp .wrap_scroll ; Null terminator: wrap back to start .got_char: ld (curr_char),a ; Clip: skip characters entirely off the left edge ld a,(char_x+1) bit 7,a jr z,.check_right ; Positive X: check right edge instead ld hl,(char_x) ld bc,32 add hl,bc ; char_x + CHAR_WIDTH bit 7,h jr z,.visible ; Some part is visible jp .next_char ; Entirely off-screen left .check_right: ; Clip: stop once characters exceed the right edge (X >= 608) ld hl,(char_x) ld bc,-608 add hl,bc jr nc,.visible jp .done ; Past right edge: finished .visible: ; Validate ASCII range (printable characters 32-127) ld a,(curr_char) sub 32 ; ASCII offset (space = index 0) jp m,.next_char ; Below space: skip cp 96 jp nc,.next_char ; Above 127: skip ; Look up the font sheet offset from the character table ld l,a ld h,0 add hl,hl ; * 2 add hl,hl ; * 4 (4 bytes per table entry) ld de,scroll_char_tbl add hl,de ; HL = scroll_char_tbl + index * 4 ; Read the 32-bit font offset ld e,(hl) inc hl ld d,(hl) inc hl ld (font_offset),de ld e,(hl) inc hl ld d,(hl) ld (font_offset+2),de ; Skip characters with no glyph (offset == 0) ld a,(font_offset) ld hl,font_offset+1 or (hl) inc hl or (hl) inc hl or (hl) jp z,.next_char ; Calculate the sine-wave Y offset for this character ; sine_index = (char_x + frame_counter) & 0xFF ld a,(char_x) ; screen X pixel position (low byte) ld hl,(frame_lo) add a,l ; + frame counter (low byte) ld l,a ld h,>scroll_sine_lo ; Page-aligned sine table ld e,(hl) ld h,>scroll_sine_hi ld d,(hl) ; DE = sine offset (16-bit signed) ld hl,SCROLL_Y add hl,de ld (scroll_y),hl ; Final Y position for this character ; Set up the blitter to copy one character glyph call wait_blit SET_BLT_OP BLT_OP_ALPHA ; Source = data_font_rgba + font_offset (32-bit addition) ld hl,data_font_rgba & 0xFFFF ld de,(font_offset) add hl,de ld a,l ld (BLT_SRC_0),a ld a,h ld (BLT_SRC_1),a ; High byte: font base bank + font_offset[2] + carry from low addition ld a,(font_offset+2) adc a,(data_font_rgba >> 16) & 0xFF ld (BLT_SRC_2),a xor a ld (BLT_SRC_3),a ; Calculate destination VRAM address using the Y lookup table ld hl,(scroll_y) ld a,h or a jr z,.y_low ; scroll_y >= 256: use second half of tables ld e,l ld d,0 ld hl,y_addr_lo + 256 add hl,de ld a,(hl) ld (dest_addr),a ld hl,y_addr_hi + 256 add hl,de ld a,(hl) ld (dest_addr+1),a ld hl,y_addr_bank + 256 add hl,de ld a,(hl) jr .y_done .y_low: ; scroll_y < 256: direct index ld e,l ld d,0 ld hl,y_addr_lo add hl,de ld a,(hl) ld (dest_addr),a ld hl,y_addr_hi add hl,de ld a,(hl) ld (dest_addr+1),a ld hl,y_addr_bank add hl,de ld a,(hl) .y_done: ld b,a ld a,(draw_fb_bank) add a,b ld (dest_addr+2),a xor a ld (dest_addr+3),a ; Add char_x * 4 (pixel offset to byte offset) ld hl,(char_x) add hl,hl ; * 2 add hl,hl ; * 4 ld de,(dest_addr) add hl,de ld (dest_addr),hl ld a,l ld (BLT_DST_0),a ld a,h ld (BLT_DST_1),a ld a,(dest_addr+2) jr nc,.no_carry_dst inc a .no_carry_dst: ld (dest_addr+2),a ld (BLT_DST_2),a xor a ld (BLT_DST_3),a ; Draw a small dark backing block behind the glyph. SET_BLT_OP BLT_OP_FILL ld a,(BLT_DST_0) add a,8 ld (BLT_DST_0),a ld a,(BLT_DST_1) adc a,0x14 ld (BLT_DST_1),a ld a,(BLT_DST_2) adc a,0 ld (BLT_DST_2),a SET_BLT_WIDTH CHAR_WIDTH SET_BLT_HEIGHT CHAR_HEIGHT SET_DST_STRIDE LINE_BYTES ld a,SHADOW_COLOR_0 ld (BLT_COLOR_0),a ld a,SHADOW_COLOR_1 ld (BLT_COLOR_1),a ld a,SHADOW_COLOR_2 ld (BLT_COLOR_2),a ld a,SHADOW_COLOR_3 ld (BLT_COLOR_3),a START_BLIT call wait_blit SET_BLT_OP BLT_OP_ALPHA ld a,(dest_addr) ld (BLT_DST_0),a ld a,(dest_addr+1) ld (BLT_DST_1),a ld a,(dest_addr+2) ld (BLT_DST_2),a xor a ld (BLT_DST_3),a ; Set glyph dimensions and strides SET_BLT_WIDTH CHAR_WIDTH SET_BLT_HEIGHT CHAR_HEIGHT SET_SRC_STRIDE FONT_STRIDE SET_DST_STRIDE LINE_BYTES START_BLIT .next_char: ; Advance to next character in the message ld hl,(msg_ptr) inc hl ld (msg_ptr),hl ; Move X position right by one character width ld hl,(char_x) ld bc,CHAR_WIDTH add hl,bc ld (char_x),hl ; Loop until we have drawn enough characters to fill the screen ld a,(char_count) inc a ld (char_count),a cp 21 jp c,.char_loop .done: ret .wrap_scroll: ; Wrap scroll position back to the start of the message ld a,(scroll_x_lo) and 0x1F ld (scroll_x_lo),a xor a ld (scroll_x_hi),a ld (char_idx),a ld (char_idx+1),a ; Reset message pointer to beginning ld hl,scroll_message ld (msg_ptr),hl jp .char_loop ; ============================================================================ ; VARIABLES (in RAM at 0xC000) ; ============================================================================ .org 0xC000 frame_lo: .word 0 ; Frame counter (low 16 bits) frame_hi: .word 0 ; Frame counter (high 16 bits, extended) prev_x: .word 0 ; Previous sprite X position prev_y: .word 0 ; Previous sprite Y position curr_x: .word 0 ; Current sprite X position curr_y: .word 0 ; Current sprite Y position scroll_x_lo: .word 0 ; Horizontal scroll position (low) scroll_x_hi: .word 0 ; Horizontal scroll position (high) dest_addr: .space 4 ; 32-bit VRAM destination address (scratch) scroll_offset: .byte 0 ; Copper bar scroll offset bar_idx: .byte 0 ; Current bar index during update_bars char_idx: .word 0 ; Scrolltext starting character index char_x: .word 0 ; Scrolltext current X pixel position char_count: .byte 0 ; Characters drawn so far this frame font_offset: .space 4 ; 32-bit font glyph offset (scratch) scroll_y: .word 0 ; Scrolltext Y position with sine offset msg_ptr: .word 0 ; Pointer into scroll_message curr_char: .byte 0 ; Current character being rendered draw_fb_bank: .byte BACK_FB_BANK ; High byte of current draw framebuffer ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ; Y-ADDRESS LOOKUP TABLES ; Pre-computed Y * LINE_BYTES split into three byte-wide tables for ; efficient 32-bit address reconstruction on an 8-bit CPU. ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- y_addr_lo: .space 480 ; Low byte of Y * LINE_BYTES y_addr_hi: .space 480 ; High byte of Y * LINE_BYTES y_addr_bank: .space 480 ; Bank byte of Y * LINE_BYTES ; ============================================================================ ; COPPER LIST (at 0xD200) ; ============================================================================ ; 16 horizontal colour bars spaced 24 scanlines apart, starting at Y=40. ; Each bar entry consists of: WAIT (scanline trigger), MOVE RASTER_Y ; (bar position), MOVE RASTER_H (bar height), MOVE RASTER_COLOR (colour), ; and MOVE RASTER_CTRL (enable). The colour values are overwritten each ; frame by update_bars to produce the scrolling rainbow gradient. ; ============================================================================ .org 0xD200 copper_list: ; --- Bar 0 at Y=40 --- .long 40*COP_WAIT_SCALE .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_Y .long 40 .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_H .long 12 .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_COLOR .long 0xFF0000FF ; Updated dynamically by update_bars .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_CTRL .long 1 ; --- Bar 1 at Y=64 --- .long 64*COP_WAIT_SCALE .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_Y .long 64 .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_H .long 12 .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_COLOR .long 0xFF0040FF .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_CTRL .long 1 ; --- Bar 2 at Y=88 --- .long 88*COP_WAIT_SCALE .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_Y .long 88 .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_H .long 12 .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_COLOR .long 0xFF0080FF .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_CTRL .long 1 ; --- Bar 3 at Y=112 --- .long 112*COP_WAIT_SCALE .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_Y .long 112 .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_H .long 12 .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_COLOR .long 0xFF00C0FF .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_CTRL .long 1 ; --- Bar 4 at Y=136 --- .long 136*COP_WAIT_SCALE .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_Y .long 136 .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_H .long 12 .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_COLOR .long 0xFF00FF80 .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_CTRL .long 1 ; --- Bar 5 at Y=160 --- .long 160*COP_WAIT_SCALE .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_Y .long 160 .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_H .long 12 .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_COLOR .long 0xFF00FF00 .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_CTRL .long 1 ; --- Bar 6 at Y=184 --- .long 184*COP_WAIT_SCALE .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_Y .long 184 .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_H .long 12 .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_COLOR .long 0xFF40FF00 .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_CTRL .long 1 ; --- Bar 7 at Y=208 --- .long 208*COP_WAIT_SCALE .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_Y .long 208 .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_H .long 12 .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_COLOR .long 0xFF80FF00 .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_CTRL .long 1 ; --- Bar 8 at Y=232 --- .long 232*COP_WAIT_SCALE .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_Y .long 232 .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_H .long 12 .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_COLOR .long 0xFFFFFF00 .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_CTRL .long 1 ; --- Bar 9 at Y=256 --- .long 256*COP_WAIT_SCALE .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_Y .long 256 .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_H .long 12 .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_COLOR .long 0xFFFFC000 .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_CTRL .long 1 ; --- Bar 10 at Y=280 --- .long 280*COP_WAIT_SCALE .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_Y .long 280 .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_H .long 12 .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_COLOR .long 0xFFFF8000 .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_CTRL .long 1 ; --- Bar 11 at Y=304 --- .long 304*COP_WAIT_SCALE .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_Y .long 304 .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_H .long 12 .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_COLOR .long 0xFFFF4000 .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_CTRL .long 1 ; --- Bar 12 at Y=328 --- .long 328*COP_WAIT_SCALE .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_Y .long 328 .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_H .long 12 .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_COLOR .long 0xFFFF0000 .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_CTRL .long 1 ; --- Bar 13 at Y=352 --- .long 352*COP_WAIT_SCALE .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_Y .long 352 .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_H .long 12 .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_COLOR .long 0xFFFF00FF .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_CTRL .long 1 ; --- Bar 14 at Y=376 --- .long 376*COP_WAIT_SCALE .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_Y .long 376 .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_H .long 12 .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_COLOR .long 0xFF8000FF .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_CTRL .long 1 ; --- Bar 15 at Y=400 --- .long 400*COP_WAIT_SCALE .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_Y .long 400 .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_H .long 12 .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_COLOR .long 0xFF4000FF .long COP_MOVE_RASTER_CTRL .long 1 ; Terminate the copper list .long COP_END ; ============================================================================ ; SINE AND COSINE TABLES (page-aligned for fast indexed lookup) ; ============================================================================ ; All tables are aligned to 256-byte boundaries so that the table base ; address occupies the high byte of a 16-bit pointer. This allows the ; Z80 to index into a table with just: ; ld l, ; ld h,>table_page ; ld a,(hl) ; ...avoiding any 16-bit addition. Each waveform is split into separate ; low-byte and high-byte tables to reconstruct 16-bit signed values. ; ============================================================================ .org 0xC800 ; --- X sine table (256 entries, 16-bit signed, scaled to +-200 pixels) --- .balign 256 sin_x_lo: .byte 0x00, 0x05, 0x0A, 0x0F, 0x14, 0x18, 0x1D, 0x22 .byte 0x27, 0x2C, 0x31, 0x35, 0x3A, 0x3F, 0x43, 0x48 .byte 0x4D, 0x51, 0x56, 0x5A, 0x5E, 0x63, 0x67, 0x6B .byte 0x6F, 0x73, 0x77, 0x7B, 0x7F, 0x83, 0x86, 0x8A .byte 0x8D, 0x91, 0x94, 0x97, 0x9B, 0x9E, 0xA1, 0xA4 .byte 0xA6, 0xA9, 0xAC, 0xAE, 0xB0, 0xB3, 0xB5, 0xB7 .byte 0xB9, 0xBB, 0xBC, 0xBE, 0xBF, 0xC1, 0xC2, 0xC3 .byte 0xC4, 0xC5, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC7, 0xC7, 0xC8, 0xC8 .byte 0xC8, 0xC8, 0xC8, 0xC7, 0xC7, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC5 .byte 0xC4, 0xC3, 0xC2, 0xC1, 0xBF, 0xBE, 0xBC, 0xBB .byte 0xB9, 0xB7, 0xB5, 0xB3, 0xB0, 0xAE, 0xAC, 0xA9 .byte 0xA6, 0xA4, 0xA1, 0x9E, 0x9B, 0x97, 0x94, 0x91 .byte 0x8D, 0x8A, 0x86, 0x83, 0x7F, 0x7B, 0x77, 0x73 .byte 0x6F, 0x6B, 0x67, 0x63, 0x5E, 0x5A, 0x56, 0x51 .byte 0x4D, 0x48, 0x43, 0x3F, 0x3A, 0x35, 0x31, 0x2C .byte 0x27, 0x22, 0x1D, 0x18, 0x14, 0x0F, 0x0A, 0x05 .byte 0x00, 0xFB, 0xF6, 0xF1, 0xEC, 0xE8, 0xE3, 0xDE .byte 0xD9, 0xD4, 0xCF, 0xCB, 0xC6, 0xC1, 0xBD, 0xB8 .byte 0xB3, 0xAF, 0xAA, 0xA6, 0xA2, 0x9D, 0x99, 0x95 .byte 0x91, 0x8D, 0x89, 0x85, 0x81, 0x7D, 0x7A, 0x76 .byte 0x73, 0x6F, 0x6C, 0x69, 0x65, 0x62, 0x5F, 0x5C .byte 0x5A, 0x57, 0x54, 0x52, 0x50, 0x4D, 0x4B, 0x49 .byte 0x47, 0x45, 0x44, 0x42, 0x41, 0x3F, 0x3E, 0x3D .byte 0x3C, 0x3B, 0x3A, 0x3A, 0x39, 0x39, 0x38, 0x38 .byte 0x38, 0x38, 0x38, 0x39, 0x39, 0x3A, 0x3A, 0x3B .byte 0x3C, 0x3D, 0x3E, 0x3F, 0x41, 0x42, 0x44, 0x45 .byte 0x47, 0x49, 0x4B, 0x4D, 0x50, 0x52, 0x54, 0x57 .byte 0x5A, 0x5C, 0x5F, 0x62, 0x65, 0x69, 0x6C, 0x6F .byte 0x73, 0x76, 0x7A, 0x7D, 0x81, 0x85, 0x89, 0x8D .byte 0x91, 0x95, 0x99, 0x9D, 0xA2, 0xA6, 0xAA, 0xAF .byte 0xB3, 0xB8, 0xBD, 0xC1, 0xC6, 0xCB, 0xCF, 0xD4 .byte 0xD9, 0xDE, 0xE3, 0xE8, 0xEC, 0xF1, 0xF6, 0xFB ; --- X sine high bytes (sign extension: 0x00 for positive, 0xFF for negative) --- .balign 256 sin_x_hi: .byte 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 .byte 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 .byte 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 .byte 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 .byte 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 .byte 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 .byte 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 .byte 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 .byte 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 .byte 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 .byte 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 .byte 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 .byte 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 .byte 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 .byte 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 .byte 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 .byte 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF .byte 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF .byte 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF .byte 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF .byte 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF .byte 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF .byte 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF .byte 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF .byte 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF .byte 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF .byte 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF .byte 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF .byte 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF .byte 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF .byte 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF .byte 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF ; --- Y cosine table (256 entries, 16-bit signed, scaled to +-150 pixels) --- .balign 256 cos_y_lo: .byte 0x96, 0x96, 0x96, 0x96, 0x95, 0x95, 0x94, 0x94 .byte 0x93, 0x92, 0x92, 0x91, 0x90, 0x8E, 0x8D, 0x8C .byte 0x8B, 0x89, 0x88, 0x86, 0x84, 0x83, 0x81, 0x7F .byte 0x7D, 0x7B, 0x78, 0x76, 0x74, 0x72, 0x6F, 0x6D .byte 0x6A, 0x67, 0x65, 0x62, 0x5F, 0x5C, 0x59, 0x56 .byte 0x53, 0x50, 0x4D, 0x4A, 0x47, 0x43, 0x40, 0x3D .byte 0x39, 0x36, 0x33, 0x2F, 0x2C, 0x28, 0x24, 0x21 .byte 0x1D, 0x1A, 0x16, 0x12, 0x0F, 0x0B, 0x07, 0x04 .byte 0x00, 0xFC, 0xF9, 0xF5, 0xF1, 0xEE, 0xEA, 0xE6 .byte 0xE3, 0xDF, 0xDC, 0xD8, 0xD4, 0xD1, 0xCD, 0xCA .byte 0xC7, 0xC3, 0xC0, 0xBD, 0xB9, 0xB6, 0xB3, 0xB0 .byte 0xAD, 0xAA, 0xA7, 0xA4, 0xA1, 0x9E, 0x9B, 0x99 .byte 0x96, 0x93, 0x91, 0x8E, 0x8C, 0x8A, 0x88, 0x85 .byte 0x83, 0x81, 0x7F, 0x7D, 0x7C, 0x7A, 0x78, 0x77 .byte 0x75, 0x74, 0x73, 0x72, 0x70, 0x6F, 0x6E, 0x6E .byte 0x6D, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x6B, 0x6B, 0x6A, 0x6A, 0x6A .byte 0x6A, 0x6A, 0x6A, 0x6A, 0x6B, 0x6B, 0x6C, 0x6C .byte 0x6D, 0x6E, 0x6E, 0x6F, 0x70, 0x72, 0x73, 0x74 .byte 0x75, 0x77, 0x78, 0x7A, 0x7C, 0x7D, 0x7F, 0x81 .byte 0x83, 0x85, 0x88, 0x8A, 0x8C, 0x8E, 0x91, 0x93 .byte 0x96, 0x99, 0x9B, 0x9E, 0xA1, 0xA4, 0xA7, 0xAA .byte 0xAD, 0xB0, 0xB3, 0xB6, 0xB9, 0xBD, 0xC0, 0xC3 .byte 0xC7, 0xCA, 0xCD, 0xD1, 0xD4, 0xD8, 0xDC, 0xDF .byte 0xE3, 0xE6, 0xEA, 0xEE, 0xF1, 0xF5, 0xF9, 0xFC .byte 0x00, 0x04, 0x07, 0x0B, 0x0F, 0x12, 0x16, 0x1A .byte 0x1D, 0x21, 0x24, 0x28, 0x2C, 0x2F, 0x33, 0x36 .byte 0x39, 0x3D, 0x40, 0x43, 0x47, 0x4A, 0x4D, 0x50 .byte 0x53, 0x56, 0x59, 0x5C, 0x5F, 0x62, 0x65, 0x67 .byte 0x6A, 0x6D, 0x6F, 0x72, 0x74, 0x76, 0x78, 0x7B .byte 0x7D, 0x7F, 0x81, 0x83, 0x84, 0x86, 0x88, 0x89 .byte 0x8B, 0x8C, 0x8D, 0x8E, 0x90, 0x91, 0x92, 0x92 .byte 0x93, 0x94, 0x94, 0x95, 0x95, 0x96, 0x96, 0x96 ; --- Y cosine high bytes (sign extension) --- .balign 256 cos_y_hi: .byte 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 .byte 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 .byte 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 .byte 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 .byte 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 .byte 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 .byte 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 .byte 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 .byte 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF .byte 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF .byte 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF .byte 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF .byte 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF .byte 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF .byte 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF .byte 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF .byte 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF .byte 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF .byte 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF .byte 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF .byte 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF .byte 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF .byte 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF .byte 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF .byte 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 .byte 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 .byte 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 .byte 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 .byte 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 .byte 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 .byte 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 .byte 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 ; --- Scroll sine table (256 entries, 16-bit signed, +/-18 pixels) --- ; Used to apply a vertical sine-wave offset to each scrolltext character. ; Values extracted from M68K reference (robocop_intro_68k.asm) .balign 256 scroll_sine_lo: .byte 0x00,0x00,0x01,0x01,0x02,0x02,0x03,0x03 .byte 0x04,0x04,0x05,0x05,0x06,0x06,0x06,0x07 .byte 0x07,0x08,0x08,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x0A,0x0A .byte 0x0A,0x0B,0x0B,0x0B,0x0C,0x0C,0x0C,0x0D .byte 0x0D,0x0D,0x0D,0x0E,0x0E,0x0E,0x0E,0x0F .byte 0x0F,0x0F,0x0F,0x0F,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10 .byte 0x10,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11 .byte 0x11,0x12,0x12,0x12,0x12,0x12,0x12,0x12 .byte 0x12,0x12,0x12,0x12,0x12,0x12,0x12,0x12 .byte 0x12,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x11 .byte 0x11,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x0F,0x0F .byte 0x0F,0x0F,0x0F,0x0E,0x0E,0x0E,0x0E,0x0D .byte 0x0D,0x0D,0x0D,0x0C,0x0C,0x0C,0x0B,0x0B .byte 0x0B,0x0A,0x0A,0x0A,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x08 .byte 0x08,0x07,0x07,0x06,0x06,0x06,0x05,0x05 .byte 0x04,0x04,0x03,0x03,0x02,0x02,0x01,0x01 .byte 0x00,0x00,0xFF,0xFF,0xFE,0xFE,0xFD,0xFD .byte 0xFC,0xFC,0xFB,0xFB,0xFA,0xFA,0xFA,0xF9 .byte 0xF9,0xF8,0xF8,0xF7,0xF7,0xF7,0xF6,0xF6 .byte 0xF6,0xF5,0xF5,0xF5,0xF4,0xF4,0xF4,0xF3 .byte 0xF3,0xF3,0xF3,0xF2,0xF2,0xF2,0xF2,0xF1 .byte 0xF1,0xF1,0xF1,0xF1,0xF0,0xF0,0xF0,0xF0 .byte 0xF0,0xEF,0xEF,0xEF,0xEF,0xEF,0xEF,0xEF .byte 0xEF,0xEE,0xEE,0xEE,0xEE,0xEE,0xEE,0xEE .byte 0xEE,0xEE,0xEE,0xEE,0xEE,0xEE,0xEE,0xEE .byte 0xEE,0xEF,0xEF,0xEF,0xEF,0xEF,0xEF,0xEF .byte 0xEF,0xF0,0xF0,0xF0,0xF0,0xF0,0xF1,0xF1 .byte 0xF1,0xF1,0xF1,0xF2,0xF2,0xF2,0xF2,0xF3 .byte 0xF3,0xF3,0xF3,0xF4,0xF4,0xF4,0xF5,0xF5 .byte 0xF5,0xF6,0xF6,0xF6,0xF7,0xF7,0xF7,0xF8 .byte 0xF8,0xF9,0xF9,0xFA,0xFA,0xFA,0xFB,0xFB .byte 0xFC,0xFC,0xFD,0xFD,0xFE,0xFE,0xFF,0xFF ; --- Scroll sine high bytes (sign extension) --- .balign 256 scroll_sine_hi: .byte 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00 .byte 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00 .byte 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00 .byte 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00 .byte 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00 .byte 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00 .byte 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00 .byte 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00 .byte 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00 .byte 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00 .byte 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00 .byte 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00 .byte 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00 .byte 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00 .byte 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00 .byte 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00 .byte 0x00,0x00,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF .byte 0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF .byte 0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF .byte 0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF .byte 0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF .byte 0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF .byte 0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF .byte 0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF .byte 0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF .byte 0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF .byte 0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF .byte 0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF .byte 0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF .byte 0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF .byte 0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF .byte 0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF ; ============================================================================ ; COLOUR PALETTE AND CHARACTER DATA ; ============================================================================ ; Copper bar colour palette (16 entries, little-endian 0xAARRGGBB) ; Steel/cyan highlights with red warning accents. palette: .byte 0x20,0x18,0x10,0xFF .byte 0x40,0x30,0x18,0xFF .byte 0x68,0x50,0x20,0xFF .byte 0x98,0x78,0x28,0xFF .byte 0xC8,0xA8,0x30,0xFF .byte 0xF0,0xD8,0x58,0xFF .byte 0xFF,0xF4,0xA8,0xFF .byte 0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF .byte 0xFF,0xF8,0xE8,0xFF .byte 0xE0,0xD0,0xA8,0xFF .byte 0x88,0x78,0x60,0xFF .byte 0x50,0x40,0x30,0xFF .byte 0x20,0x18,0x70,0xFF .byte 0x28,0x20,0xC8,0xFF .byte 0x48,0x48,0xFF,0xFF .byte 0x18,0x10,0x30,0xFF ; Scroll character table (96 entries x 4 bytes = 384 bytes) ; Maps ASCII 32-127 to byte offsets within the font sheet. The font is ; arranged as a 10-character-wide grid of 32x32 pixel glyphs at 4 bytes ; per pixel. Offset = ((char - 32) % 10) * 128 + ((char - 32) / 10) * 40960. ; A zero offset means no glyph is available for that character. scroll_char_tbl: ; ASCII 32-47: space and punctuation .long 0 ; 32 ' ' space .long 128 ; 33 '!' .long 256 ; 34 '"' .long 0 ; 35 '#' .long 0 ; 36 '$' .long 0 ; 37 '%' .long 40960 ; 38 '&' .long 896 ; 39 ''' .long 1024 ; 40 '(' .long 1152 ; 41 ')' .long 512 ; 42 '*' .long 41600 ; 43 '+' .long 41216 ; 44 ',' .long 41344 ; 45 '-' .long 41472 ; 46 '.' .long 0 ; 47 '/' ; ASCII 48-57: digits 0-9 .long 41728 ; 48 '0' .long 41856 ; 49 '1' .long 41984 ; 50 '2' .long 42112 ; 51 '3' .long 81920 ; 52 '4' .long 82048 ; 53 '5' .long 82176 ; 54 '6' .long 82304 ; 55 '7' .long 82432 ; 56 '8' .long 82560 ; 57 '9' ; ASCII 58-64: punctuation .long 82688 ; 58 ':' .long 82816 ; 59 ';' .long 0 ; 60 '<' .long 82944 ; 61 '=' .long 0 ; 62 '>' .long 122880 ; 63 '?' .long 384 ; 64 '@' ; ASCII 65-90: uppercase A-Z .long 123264 ; 65 'A' .long 123392 ; 66 'B' .long 123520 ; 67 'C' .long 123648 ; 68 'D' .long 123776 ; 69 'E' .long 123904 ; 70 'F' .long 124032 ; 71 'G' .long 163840 ; 72 'H' .long 163968 ; 73 'I' .long 164096 ; 74 'J' .long 164224 ; 75 'K' .long 164352 ; 76 'L' .long 164480 ; 77 'M' .long 164608 ; 78 'N' .long 164736 ; 79 'O' .long 164864 ; 80 'P' .long 164992 ; 81 'Q' .long 204800 ; 82 'R' .long 204928 ; 83 'S' .long 205056 ; 84 'T' .long 205184 ; 85 'U' .long 205312 ; 86 'V' .long 205440 ; 87 'W' .long 205568 ; 88 'X' .long 205696 ; 89 'Y' .long 205824 ; 90 'Z' ; ASCII 91-96: brackets and miscellaneous .long 83072 ; 91 '[' .long 0 ; 92 '\' .long 122752 ; 93 ']' .long 768 ; 94 '^' .long 0 ; 95 '_' .long 205952 ; 96 '`' ; ASCII 97-122: lowercase mapped to uppercase glyphs .long 123264 ; 97 'a' .long 123392 ; 98 'b' .long 123520 ; 99 'c' .long 123648 ; 100 'd' .long 123776 ; 101 'e' .long 123904 ; 102 'f' .long 124032 ; 103 'g' .long 163840 ; 104 'h' .long 163968 ; 105 'i' .long 164096 ; 106 'j' .long 164224 ; 107 'k' .long 164352 ; 108 'l' .long 164480 ; 109 'm' .long 164608 ; 110 'n' .long 164736 ; 111 'o' .long 164864 ; 112 'p' .long 164992 ; 113 'q' .long 204800 ; 114 'r' .long 204928 ; 115 's' .long 205056 ; 116 't' .long 205184 ; 117 'u' .long 205312 ; 118 'v' .long 205440 ; 119 'w' .long 205568 ; 120 'x' .long 205696 ; 121 'y' .long 205824 ; 122 'z' ; ASCII 123-127: braces and miscellaneous .long 123008 ; 123 '{' .long 0 ; 124 '|' .long 0 ; 125 '}' .long 41088 ; 126 '~' .long 0 ; 127 DEL ; Scroll message text scroll_message: .byte " ...ROBOCOP Z80 INTRO FOR THE INTUITION ENGINE... " .byte "...100 PERCENT Z80 ASM CODE... " .byte "...SPRITE ANIMATION WITH BLITTER... " .byte "...COPPER BARS WITH COLOR CYCLING... " .byte "...SINE WAVE SCROLLTEXT... " .byte "...ALL CODE BY INTUITION... " .byte "MUSIC BY JONATHAN DUNN FROM THE 1987 ZX SPECTRUM GAME ROBOCOP BY OCEAN SOFTWARE... " .byte "...AY REGISTERS ARE REMAPPED TO THE INTUITION ENGINE SYNTH FOR SUPERIOR SOUND QUALITY... " .byte "...GREETS TO ...GADGETMASTER... ...KARLOS... ...BLOODLINE... " .byte "...VISIT INTUITIONSUBSYNTH.COM......................." .byte 0 ; ============================================================================ ; EMBEDDED BINARY DATA ; ============================================================================ ; All graphics, mask, and audio data is embedded contiguously starting at ; 0xE000. The blitter accesses this data via 32-bit addresses through the ; banking system, so placement in the Z80's address space is irrelevant -- ; what matters is that the data appears at known offsets in the binary. ; ============================================================================ .org 0xE000 ; Sprite RGBA pixel data (240 x 180 x 4 = 172,800 bytes) data_robocop_rgba: .incbin "../assets/robocop_rgba.bin" ; Sprite transparency mask (240 x 180 / 8 = 5,400 bytes, 1 bit per pixel) data_robocop_mask: .incbin "../assets/robocop_mask.bin" ; AY music file (24,525 bytes) data_robocop_ay: .incbin "../assets/music/Robocop1.ay" ; Font RGBA sheet (256,000 bytes) data_font_rgba: .incbin "../assets/font_rgba.bin" ; ============================================================================ ; END OF FILE ; ============================================================================